
Shortcut: +
The plus button is used to add something to the current running total. If a multiplication or division operation is pending, the product or quotient of the operation will be calculated and added to the current running total. If the user has just entered a value using the number buttons, this amount will be added to the running total.
For your convenience, this button supports auto repeat. Example:
25+
+
+
+
+
+
Results in the following tape box:
25+
25+
25+
25+
25+
25+
Try it and see for yourself. Now, double-click on the first line and change the value to 15. This results in the following tape box:
15+
15+
15+
15+
15+
15+
This can be a useful feature, but it can also lead to errors if you're not expecting the other lines to change! This auto repeat functionality is carried over when integrating your data into a spreadsheet. If you edit the first cell wherein the auto repeat feature is used, all of the remaining cells will be changed, too.

Shortcut -
The minus button is used to subtract something from the current running total. If a multiplication or division operation is pending, the product or quotient of the operation will be calculated and subtracted from the current running total. If the user has just entered a value using the number buttons, this amount will be subtracted from the current running total.
Like the plus button, this button also supports auto repeat.

Shortcuts: X, *, x
This button means to multiply the previously entered value by the value soon to be entered.
For example: entering 100 X tells the computer to multiply 100 by the next value to be entered. If the user then enters 25 =, the result will be 2500.
The results of multiplication entries are not automatically added to the current running total unless the user enters the plus or minus button to obtain the result.
100 X
25 =
2500 (result not added to the current running total)
100 X
25 -
2500 - (result is subtracted from current running total)
Another usage for the X key is to set up a Mark Up calculation using the MUD button.

Shortcut: /
This button means to divide the previously entered value by the value soon to be entered.
For example: entering 100 followed by the division button tells the computer to divide 100 by the next value to be entered. If the user then enters 25 =, the result will be 4.
The results of division entries are not automatically added to the current running total unless the user enters the plus or minus button to obtain the result.
100 /
25 =
4 (result not added to the current running total)
100 /
25 +
4 + (result is added to the current running total)
Another usage for the / key is to set up a Mark Down calculation using the MUD button.

Shortcut: =, CTRL + Enter
Calculates the results of a multiplication or division operation.
Does not add the results to the current running total.
To obtain the results of a multiplication or divisionoperation and add or subtract the results to or from the current running total, use the plus or minus buttons.

Shortcuts: p, P, %, F12
Evaluates the curent LED value as a percentage of the previous LED value.
Example:
Entering 1000 +
followed by 25 %
causes 250 to be entered in the LED display screen.
The user is still required to press an operation key, such as plus or minus if he wishes to add or subtract the percentage value to or from the current running total.
To figure out how much is 42 plus 38%, enter:
42 +
38 % +
T (total)
To figure out how much is 49 - 35%, enter:
49 +
35 % -
T (total)
Note: When pasting into a spreadsheet, the actual value of the percentage calculation is pasted into cell Ax and the percentage value is pasted into cell Bx. Cell Ax will contain a formula which refers to Bx and Ax-1 to obtain its displayed value.

In the above screen dump you can see how cell B8 contains 17.00% and cell A8 contains the value of 14.45 (which is 17% of 85). Changing cell B8 from 17.00% to any other value will cause cell A8 to be recalculated. Also, A9, which contains the total, will be recalculated, too.
See Using MAM for more information on using this button.

Shortcuts: a, A, CTRL+BackSpace
Clears everything, including the tape box, memory, and current running total. This operation cannot be undone.
See also Clear Button (C).

Shortcut: Insert
Note: This key is placed in relative position to the other shortcut keys just to the left of the numerical keypad on most keyboards for easy access:

Insert Home Page Up
Delete End Page Down
This button is used in conjunction with the multiplication or division buttons to calculate mark ups or mark downs. If used in conjunction with a multiplication operation, the MUD button will calculate a mark up, whereas if it is used in conjunction with a division operation, the MUD button will calculate a mark down.
Example: To calculate the selling price of an item where the cost is $130.00 and the mark down will be 4%, you would enter:
130 /
4 MUD
The tape box will display the mark down as a $ value ($5.00 in this example) and the selling price ($125.00 in this example).
Example: To calculate the selling price of an item where the cost is $480.00 and the profit rate will be 40%, you would enter:
480 X
40 MUD
The tape box will display the mark up as a $ value ($320.00 in this example) and the selling price ($800.00 in this example).
The MUD calculations are based upon the eventual selling price of an item, rather than the cost of the item as can be seen in the above examples. That is to say, you are not calculating 40% of the cost of the item in the above example, but instead, you are calculating 40% of the eventual selling price. Stated another way: the profit rate is 40% of the selling price, NOT 40% of the item's cost.
The functionality of this button is modeled after certain models of Casio and Canon adding machines and may or may not precisely model the functionality of other brands of adding machines.
The MUD key does not add anything to the current running total.
See Using MAM for more information on using this button.

Shortcuts: n, N
This button negates the current LED value by multiplying it by -1. You must first enter your value prior to using this button. Use this if you want to add a negative value to the current running total.
The item count commented to the line where the user presses Total or Subtotal will count adding a negative value as a negative item and subtracting a negative value as a positive item.

Shortcut: <- Backspace
Shifts the current LED value one place to the right, thereby removing the last digit entered. Functionally equivalent to the backspace key, which is the shortcut key.

Shortcut: ^ (SHIFT + 6), b, B (for Blank lines)
Inserts a blank <comment> line into the tape box just above the currently selected tape box line. This <comment> line can be edited as desired by double-clicking on it. This is useful if you want to go back and enter data at a position above other data that has already been entered.
Tip: Insert a few <comment> lines at the beginning of your document. Then, go back and add comments to these lines. These comments can contain anything you like, such as your phone number, mailing address, etc.

Shortcuts: s, S
Displays the current running total, but does not clear it. Also inserts a comment showing the number of items in the current running total.
See also: Total Button.

Shortcuts: t, T, Enter
Displays the current running total and clears it. Also adds a comment showing the number of items in the current running total.
See also Subtotal Button.

Shortcuts: c, C, Esc
Clears the current running total and resets the LED to 0.0. Does not clear the Memory contents or the tape box. Can be undone.
See also Clear All (CA).

Shortcut: Page Down
Note: This key is placed in relative position to the other shortcut keys just to the left of the numerical keypad on most keyboards for easy access:

Insert Home Page Up
Delete End Page Down
Adds something to the current running Memory total. This has no effect on the current running LED total. This button is similar in every way to the Plus Button (+), except that the value is added to the Memory total rather than the current running total.
Example:
6 /
3 M+=
Adds the quotient of 6 and 3 (6/3=2) to the current running memory total.
Note: This button supports automatic repeating. See Plus Button (+) for information on the auto repeat feature.

Shortcut: Page Up
Note: This key is placed in relative position to the other shortcut keys just to the left of the numerical keypad on most keyboards for easy access:

Insert Home Page Up
Delete End Page Down
Subtracts something from the current running Memory total. Does not affect the current running LED total. Similar in all other respects to the Minus Button.
Example:
7 X
5 M-=
This will cause the product of 7 and 5 (35) to be subtracted from the Memory Register.
Note: This button supports automatic repeating. See Plus Button (+) for information on the auto repeat feature.

Shortcut: Home
Note: This key is placed in relative position to the other shortcut keys just to the left of the numerical keypad on most keyboards for easy access:

Insert Home Page Up
Delete End Page Down
Displays the current running Memory total. Does not clear it. See also: Memory Total Button (MT).

Shortcut: End
Note: This key is placed in relative position to the other shortcut keys just to the left of the numerical keypad on most keyboards for easy access:

Insert Home Page Up
Delete End Page Down
Displays the current running Memory total and clears it. Similar to the Total Button (T), except that it works on the Memory total rather than the main LED total.
Tip: If you are creating a macro that depends on the Memory Register to begin with a zero value, use this button early within the macro definition. It is best not to assume that the user will know that the Memory Register needs to be cleared prior to using your macro.

Shortcut M, m
Use this button to use the Memory contents in a calculation. This is the preferred way to use Memory contents, especially where the spreadsheet integration feature is used, since MAM will insert a formula into a spreadsheet cell where this key is used rather than an immediate value. This will enable the bottom line totals to be automatically recalculated if you change any of the cells upon which the memory recall formula is based. Likewise, when editing individual tape box lines, the MR key will be updated automatically if the memory contents are changed as a result of your editing operation.
For example:
Preferred method
12 X
5 M+= (adds 60 to memory total)
25 M+= (adds 25 to memory total)
3 X
MR + (adds 3 X (60 + 25) to current running total)
Total (calculates total)
The same effect can be accomplished by the following:
Not preferred
12 X
5 M+=
25 M+=
3 X
85 + (presumably, the user looked at the Memory Box and just entered 85 as an immediate value)
Total
In this second method, the bottom line Total result will be the same as in the preferred method, however, in the event that the calculations are integrated into a spreadsheet, the user will not be able to modify the 12, 5, or 25 values and have automatic recalculation of the Total results, since 85 is treated as an immediate value rather than as a formula as it would be in the Preferred method. See Using MAM for an in-depth discussion on using the MR button.

Shortcuts: #, ;
Brings up an Edit/Add Comment dialog box with which the user can enter comments into the currently selected line in the tape box. Comments will begin with a semicolon (;) and can be up to 40 characters in length. The semicolon (;) is a useful keyboard shortcut for this button.
Note: MAM automatically generates comments for certain lines, such as Totals, Subtotals, Percentages, and Mark up/downs. Editing of these MAM-generated comment lines is not permitted. If you need to comment such lines, just use the Up Shift Button (^) to insert a blank comment line. Then add the comment to your newly inserted line.

Shortcut: Delete
Note: This key is placed in relative position to the other shortcut keys just to the left of the numerical keypad on most keyboards for easy access:

Insert Home Page Up
Delete End Page Down
Use this button to delete a line in the tape box. Highlight the line to be deleted and press this button. The tape box will be recalculated automatically for you.
The automatic recalculation feature has been added for your convenience. However, sometimes when a line is deleted, the recalculated results might not be exactly what you intended. Carefully examine the recalculated tape box to make sure it is doing what you are expecting it to do.
See Using MAM for a discussion on how MAM performs re-calculations and some of the potential pitfalls associated with using macros.
Similar to the Undo menu command, except that the Undo command only works on the last line in the tape box whereas the Delete command works on whichever line is currently selected.

Shortcuts CTRL+0, CTRL+1, CTRL+2, CTRL+3
Alternative shortcuts, FRED keys.
Note the orientation of the FRED keys:
E R
D F
These coincide with the orientation of the macro keys, such that E = M0, R = M1, D = M2, and F = M3.
Pressing one of these buttons causes the following actions, depending upon the application's state:
In regular application mode, plays the selected macro if one is already defined for this key (and the macro is not currently already being played), or, if the macro is undefined, prompts the user to begin recording a macro for the selected key.
In macro recording mode, adds the selected macro button to the macro definition, unless the macro key pressed is the same macro key for which the currently recording macro is being defined, in which case the macro recording session is stopped and the definition is saved to the macro key.
In macro waiting mode (after the user selects the Start Recording a Macro menu command and before the user clicks a macro button), selects this macro button to hold the macro definition and puts the application into macro recording mode.
If invoked by another macro that is being played: If the invoked macro is empty, the user is prompted to enter a value. If the invoked macro is not empty, it begins playing its contents.
If invoked following the QR key, the current contents of the Main LED are copied into the invoked macro key.
Notes: A * following the macro key text indicates that a macro recording session is in progress for that particular key. Only one key can be recorded at a time. Macro definitions can include macro keys, including themselves. (However, recursive calls to a macro key that is already being played will be skipped and an error message will be displayed. This is true even if two (2) or more macro keys refer to each other. Such strange loops are assumed to be macro definition errors.) Each macro can contain up to 250 button/key strokes. While in macro recording mode, pressing a button adds it to the current macro definition, but the button does not perform its normal operation.
See also Macros menu commands
Using MAM features an in-depth discussion on using macros and some of the potential pitfalls associate with their use.

Shortcut q, Q
Puts the application in macro quick record mode. Pressing a macro button (M0-M3) while in quick record mode will cause whatever value is currently in the Main LED to be saved to the selected macro button. This key can also be included within a macro definition. If called from a macro definition, macro button to which a value has been quick recorded will be emptied upon conclusion of the calling macro.
Using MAM features an in-depth discussion on using macros and some of the potential pitfalls associate with their use.

Shortcuts: v, V
This button is only valid during the recording of a macro definition. When a macro is being played and the macro line containing this button is encountered, the computer substitutes whatever value was in the Main LED at the time the currently playing macro was invoked. This provides a mechanism for users to pass parameters to the macro that is being called and yet allows the macro to perform some necessary initialization, such as clearing the current running total and current memory totals, before accessing the passed parameter.
Caveat: Care should be taken when using this feature and integrating with a spreadsheet or editing prior lines and recalculating. The computer merely substitutes a string value associated with the V key upon running the macro. However, when recalculating, the substituted values are used and NOT the macro definitions themselves. This can cause unexpected results. As always, carefully examine the tape box and ensure for yourself that what you are expecting to happen is what is actually happening.
Using MAM features an in-depth discussion on using macros and some of the potential pitfalls associate with their use.
Number Buttons are simply used to enter numbers. These may be accessed directly from the keyboard or by left clicking on the on screen buttons with the mouse.

Note: There is no shortcut key for the Double Zero (00) key, which is functionally equivalent to pressing the Zero (0) key twice in succession. This is the only button for which there is no keyboard shortcut.

Default: 2
Shortcuts: A = CTRL + NUMPAD DECIMAL
The decimal precision refers to the number of digits to the right of the decimal that will be displayed in the tape box. The main LED box and the Memory LED boxes are not affected by this setting, and will always have floating precision.
The possible values are self-explanatory, except for the F and A values, which mean Floating Precision or Auto Decimal Mode, respectively. Auto Decimal Mode is when the program automatically places the decimal 2 places to the left of the last digit entered. Floating precision, which is always used in the LED and Memory LED displays, means to display however many non-zero digits there are to the right of the decimal. (The actual limit of F is 5 digits, but any trailing zeros are truncated.)
Important: This setting has no impact on the actual underlying values, which are always used in the calculations. Also, the actual underlying values, up to 5 digits of decimal precision, are what are pasted into a spreadsheet.
These buttons may not be changed if the program is in Auto Decimal Mode, in which case the precision is always set to 2.
See also Rounding Buttons

Default: Off
Shortcuts: None
The rounding buttons provide a quick and simple way to set the rounding method to be used to format numbers in the tape box. This setting has no effect whatever on the LED or Memory LED boxes, which will always round off.
The three options available are: Rounding Down, Rounding Off, and Rounding Up.
Rounding Down means to simply cut off whatever values are to the right of the current decimal precision. Thus, a value of 25.449 would be displayed as 25.44 where the decimal precision is 2 and rounding is down.
Rounding Off [the default] means to round to the nearest current decimal precision value. If the value to the right of the current decimal precision is 5 or more, the value is rounded to the next higher value, whereas if the value to the right of the current decimal precision is 4 or less, the value is rounded to the next lower value. Thus, a value of 25.449 would be displayed as 25.45 where the decimal precision is 2 and rounding is off. A value of 25.443 would be displayed as 25.44 under the same circumstances. (On some adding machines, rounding off options are displayed as 5/4.)
Rounding Up means to round to the next higher value if the number to the right of the current decimal precision is anything other than zero (0). Thus the value of 25.449 would be displayed as 25.45 where the decimal precision is 2 and the rounding is up. A value of 25.443 would be displayed as 25.44 under the same circumstances.
The following table illustrates rounding with a decimal precision of 2:
Actual (un-rounded) value Rounding Down Rounding Off Rounding Up
25.443 25.44 25.44 25.45
25.555 25.55 25.56 25.56
25.4449 25.44 25.44 25.45
Important: Although these settings will impact the way the values are displayed and printed in the tape box, the actual underlying values are not affected. Totals and subtotals will be rounded only AFTER un-rounded calculations are made. Re-calculations are made using the actual underlying values. Furthermore, ALL values copied and pasted into a spreadsheet program will be pasted using 5 digits of decimal precision. Internally, MAM keeps track of the actual value associated with each tape box line. Whenever the value is needed, the actual value is used rather than the formatted value displayed on the screen.
See also: Decimal Precision.

Shortcut: right click context menu
Use this command to delete multiple lines from your tape box, beginning with the selected line and continuing through to the last line in the tape box. This operation cannot be undone. Similar to the , except this works on more than one line at a time. This is useful when you want to clear the tape box from a certain point until the end, but preserve the data that is above the currently selected line.